SERIES 17.1 - PENCAK SILAT (TRADITIONAL INDONESIAN MARTIAL ARTS)
|
LATAR BELAKANG / BACK
GROUND |
|
|
|
UNESCO menorehkan pada tahun 2019 dalam Daftar
Representatif Warisan Budaya Takbenda Manusia untuk Pencak Silat
Tradisional Indonesia |
|
UNESCO inscribed in 2019 on the
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity for
Traditional Indonesian Pencak Silat |
|
|
|
Selain olah raga, tradisi pencak silat juga
mencakup aspek mental-spiritual, bela diri dan kesenian. Jurus dan gaya
Pencak Silat sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai unsur kesenian, melibatkan
kesatuan tubuh dan gerak yang sesuai dengan musik pengiringnya. Istilah
'pencak' lebih dikenal di Jawa, sedangkan istilah 'silat' lebih dikenal di
Sumatera Barat, menggambarkan sekelompok silat yang memiliki banyak kesamaan.
Selain istilah lokal, setiap daerah memiliki gerak, gaya, iringan, musik, dan
perlengkapan pendukungnya sendiri-sendiri, yang meliputi kostum, alat musik,
dan senjata tradisional. Praktisi Pencak Silat diajarkan untuk menjaga
hubungan dengan Tuhan, manusia, dan alam, serta dilatih dalam berbagai teknik
untuk menghadapi serangan atau situasi berbahaya lainnya berdasarkan prinsip
untuk melindungi diri sendiri maupun orang lain, menghindari menyakiti pelanggar
dan membangun persahabatan Praktik tersebut memperkuat persaudaraan,
menjaga ketertiban sosial, dan memberikan hiburan untuk upacara ritual.
Pengetahuan dan keterampilan terkait umumnya diajarkan di sekolah non-formal
dan mencakup tradisi dan ungkapan lisan seperti salam, frasa filosofis, puisi
berirama, nasihat, serta lagu dan teknik memainkan instrumen. |
|
In addition to their sporting
element, Traditions of Pencak Silat also encompass mental-spiritual,
self-defence and artistic aspects. The moves and styles of Pencak Silat are
strongly influenced by various elements of art, involving a unity of body and
movement fitting the accompanying music. The term ‘pencak’ is better known in
Java, while the term ‘silat’ is better known in West Sumatra, describing a
group of martial arts with many similarities. In addition to local terms, each
region has its own moves, styles, accompaniments, music, and supporting
equipment, which includes costumes, musical instruments, and traditional
weapons. Pencak Silat practitioners are taught to maintain their relationship
with God, human beings, and nature, and are trained in various techniques to
deal with attacks or other dangerous situations based on principles to
protect themselves as well as others, avoid harming the offender and build
comradeship. The practice strengthens
comradeship, maintains social order, and provides entertainment for ritual
ceremonies. Related knowledge and skills are commonly taught in non-formal
schools and include oral traditions and expressions such as greetings,
philosophical phrases, rhymed poems, advice, as well as songs and techniques
to play the instruments[1] |
|
|
1 Q |
Kapan Pencak Silat didirikan di Indonesia? |
|
When is Pencak Silat
founded in Indonesia? |
|
|
1 A |
Bukti arkeologi mengungkapkan bahwa asal-usul
seni bela diri Indonesia, yang dikenal sebagai Pencak Silat, berasal dari
abad ke-6, dari zaman kerajaan Sriwijaya di Sumatera dan kerajaan Majapahit
di Jawa Timur. Artefak menunjukkan bahwa sistem pertempuran unik ini telah
digunakan secara konsisten sepanjang sejarah panjang Indonesia |
|
Di Sumatera, seni bela diri Silek (Silat)
didirikan sekitar tahun 1119 oleh Datuk Suri Dirajodi Pariangan dari Padang
Panjang. Dia dikatakan telah dibantu oleh master seni bela diri dari negara
lain yang mengajarinya sistem Kambiang Utan (mungkin dari Kamboja),
Harimau Champo (mungkin dari Champa / Vietnam), Kucing Siam (mungkin dari
Siam / Thailand), dan Anjiang Mualim (mungkin dari Persia) |
|
Pencak Silat tidak hanya mempelajari ilmu bela
diri tetapi juga seni tari, musik, ilmu agama, ilmu kebatinan, olah raga dan
tata tertib pribadi. Ini adalah praktik budaya yang integratif dan beragam |
|
|
|
Archaeological evidence revealed
that the origins of Indonesia’s martial art, known as Pencak Silat dates back
to the 6th century, to the times of the Srivijaya kingdom on Sumatra and the
Majapahit kingdom in East Java. Artifacts showed that this unique combat
system had been used consistently through Indonesia’s long history. |
|
In Sumatera, the martial art of
Silek (Silat) was established around 1119 by Datuk Suri Dirajodi Pariangan
from Padang Panjang. He was said to have been assisted by martial art masters
from other countries who taught him the Kambiang Utan system (presumably
from Cambodia), the Harimau Champo (presumably from Champa/Vietnam), Kucing
Siam (presumably from Siam/Thailand), and the Anjiang Mualim (presumably from
Persia) |
|
Pencak Silat not only the study
of self-defense but also dance, music, religious learning, mysticism, sport
and rules for personal conduct. It is both an integrative and diverse
cultural practice[2] |
|
|
|
Beberapa jenis Pencak Silat di Indonesia | Types of Pencak Silat in Indonesia |
|
|
|
|
|
Gerakan dasar | The
basic movement |
|
|
|
|
|
Latihan / Practice |
|
|
|
|
|
Gerak binatang | Animal
movement |
|
|
|
|
|
Silat dengan senjata | Silat with weapons
|
|
|
|
|
|
Senjata | Weapons
|
|
|
|
|
|
Perbedaan dalam budaya Latihan | The cultural practice differences |
|
|
|
|
|
Perbedaan dalam Latihan pernafasan dengan
meditasi| The breathing techniques difference with
meditation |
|
|
|
|
|
Harus diingat dalam Spiritualisme Jawa, posisi
dari ilmu Kadigdayan (lihat Series 13: About Human 2) |
|
|
|
It must be remembered in Javanese
spiritualism, the position of Kadigdayan Knowledge (see Series 13: About
Human 2) |
|
|
Bersambung | To be
continued |
|
|
|
|
[1]
https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditions-of-pencak-silat-01391
[2] The Politics
of Inner Power: The practice of Pencak Silat in West Java by: Ian Douglas
Wilson – PhD Thesis
Comments
Post a Comment